Pacific Smiles Dental Penrith

Fantastic experience: Definitely recommend, wonderful service and lovely staff.

Fantastic experience: Excellent dental practice, great team of dentist and orthodontists. Reception staff always willing to help.

Fantastic experience: Excellent dentists at this Penrith location

Negative experience: My partners recent visit we were left waiting for 40 minutes on a quiet Sunday afternoon. For myself a few years ago I was invoiced by a relief dentist for 4 fillings costing over $700 after a check up. Once I saved up the money for the fillings after my first check up, I returned ready to have the 4 “holes” fixed. I was then informed by the permanent dentist that my teeth were perfectly fine and didn’t require any fillings. Since moving to a dentist in Emu Plains I have come to the realisation how poor my personal experience was here. I strongly hope the relief dentist was not accepted to return as the team were aware of the circumstances. No one should be falsely invoiced let alone have treatment on a nonexistent condition.

Negative experience: If I could give zero stars I would. My beautiful 22 yr old daughter went to the dentist for a scale and clean. We have private health top dental cover and they charged my daughter 299 for a scale clean and fluoride. This is absolutely disgusting and not consistent with prices charged o Previously. I was not with my child I would of complained. The staff were so rude to my daughter she was crying and upset when she called me. I will never return or recommend ever again.

Fantastic experience: Have never had a problem with any dentist here. Went in for what I thought would be a tooth removal. Didn’t want root canal. My dentist gave me a thorough examination and felt like the tooth didn’t need to be pulled as it was a sinus issue more than a tooth issue. So we talked through a few options. Felt listened to. Cared for. Not ridiculed for any of my decisions or choices. All questions were answered. Felt like it was team work to get the best out come. Fast forward 24 hours and there is great improvement. I saved a lot of money by having the consult and not just getting the tooth removed. Have been with pacific smiles since they opened in Penrith. Love they are open over the weekend and later in the day. No complaints from me. Give them a go.

Fantastic experience: My first visit to Pacific Dental after going to another Dentist for years and I was very happy. Dr Pai was gentle and very knowledgeable with his treatment and advice. The warm and friendly welcome by Receptionist Shivani was amazing. The Clinic was clean and I did not have to wait to see Dr Pai. I strongly recommend this practice.

Fantastic experience: The receptionists are friendly and efficient, and Dr Said was friendly and fixed me up in a timely and professional manner. I will be a regular here.

Fantastic experience: I was very nervous about going to a dentist as I haven’t been for over 20 years due to a bad experience. Adeline was very understanding and helped me through my first experience. I was so happy to go through my first experience with the dentist. Adeline talked me through everything and explained all the treatments. I’m now looking forward to my first treatment.

Negative experience: I usually wait 20–30 minutes to be seen, but when I arrived just 5 minutes late with my daughter, the attendant struggled to find her name and then told us we were 10 minutes late. When I asked if the dentist could still see her, another staff member interrupted and said we wouldn’t be seen regardless. The response felt rude and disrespectful, especially considering the usual delays on their end.

Fantastic experience: Dr Christine Said is just an amazing dentist I have been seeing her for many years & will not go anywhere else Such a beautiful person

Fantastic experience: On time friendly staff and dentists great

Fantastic experience: I went in with severe anxiety. Dentist put me at ease immediately. Very kind, and patient with me. Put a plan in place for what work needs to be done.

Fantastic experience: Timely Service, Reminders before appointment and lovely staff

Negative experience: Not worth it.my experience has not been good so I will personally not come here again

Fantastic experience: Dr. Reha is an amazing dentist and so gentle with her procedure that I didn’t feel any pain whatsoever. I always love going to her for all my dental concerns.

Positive experience: I would have given 5 stars, but they don't do young toddlers. I had to take my 20mo baby girl to westmead pediatric dentist. They have even great with my 3yo and my hubby tho, our reccomended dentist. Love how they give the kids an award and toothbrush. Makes them feel so special. Thanks pacific smiles Edit: my daughter is now 4yo and they still are unable to take her tooth out. Now sending me to a specialist, with x2 visits, a consultation and a tooth removal. Both costing $$$ Why they don't have paediatrician dentists is beyond a joke..

Fantastic experience: I have been visiting Dr. Rhea for the past couple of years, and I couldn’t be happier with the care I receive. She is incredibly knowledgeable and provides reasonable, practical advice—especially when it comes to addressing urgent dental issues first and scheduling less urgent treatments for later visits. This thoughtful approach really helps avoid any financial burden. What I appreciate most is how super friendly and patient she is with my two kids (7 years and 2 years old). Both of them had their checkups recently, and thanks to her gentle manner, they didn’t fuss at all during the examination. It’s such a relief to have a dentist who makes visits stress-free for the whole family. Highly recommend Dr. Rhea for anyone looking for expert, compassionate dental care!

Fantastic experience: Dr Taejus Pai was very professional and provided excellent service.

Fantastic experience: Friendly staff who make the dental experience as pleasant as possible.

Fantastic experience: Looked for Emergency Dental for broken tooth & Pacific Smile appeared. Made booking for First time with Dr J George & Team & everything went really well. I will continue with them for my 6-month visits & anything else that may require dental care.

Fantastic experience: Our experience with this practise has been great from the get-go. My son has regular check ups with his orthodontist Dr Vanessa, she is wonderful and I would highly recommend her to anyone looking at orthodontic treatments for themselves or their children.

Negative experience: Terrible place, used to be great but the good dentists have left. Was booked in for an appointment at 3pm. Found out that was not actually booked for some reason. They got me in to another dentist at 3:10pm. I checked in and sat down in the waiting room and waited for an hour before they called me asking where I was, I was in the waiting room. Finally got seen, and after that they will not honour the warranty on my crown because it was done by a dentist that no longer works there. Do not recommend.

Fantastic experience: Had an amazing experience with Dr Kolla, very understanding and caring. Explained everything thoroughly.

Fantastic experience: Very good i went in on a Sunday for emergency, very helpful and got the job done !

Fantastic experience: Dr George was fantastic, kind, caring and patient.

Fantastic experience: Fantastic experience with Pacific Smiles!!! I highly recommend :) lovely receptionists, beautiful facility, and very skilled dentistry from Dr Pai! I was feeling super anxious about a wisdom tooth extraction but Dr Pai took care of it in literally 2 minutes! No pain at all, I couldn’t believe the speed, efficiency, and low cost. Thank you so much for your service ❤️

Fantastic experience: Was in pain Sunday morning walked in off the street they had my problem solved by the afternoon By Monday I was on the road to recovery Awesome staff great service

Fantastic experience: Best dental surgery. Have loads of appointments and weekend appointments for full time or shift workers. Dr Chin is the best.

Negative experience: Took one of my kids for a check up and clean and the next day my child was complaining of sore gums, I saw a bit of swelling, took her back just to make sure everything was ok. Dentist looked in her mouth for about 20 seconds and confirmed was just a bit of swelling from the clean the day before. I was charged $80, I advised I was not going to pay that as nothing had been done, fee was reduced to $40 I paid but wasn’t happy about it. Made a complaint via email and never heard back.

Fantastic experience: This dental practice is the only place I’ve been coming to consistently for years, I wish I caught the names of the receptionists the ladies are always so warm and welcome as well as the dentists Always leave happy and considering I used to hate visiting the dentist really appreciate this practice

Negative experience: One of the worst experience i had from this centre.. dentists are not experienced., i had crown replacement for my wisdom tooth.. they charged $2000 but still am having pain at wisdom tooth.. the doctor who did wisdom tooth replacement dr akhil who is an inexperienced guy and the other lady denstist did teeth cleaning she spent only 5 minutes did nothing.. one of the worst dental clinic

Fantastic experience: Very friendly service from the front desk staff and treatment team. This is a quality service, using quality procedures and clear explanations.

Fantastic experience: Wonderful dentistry for people who suffer from anxiety. They made me feel so relaxed and they were kind and understanding. All over great experience! Certainly will be going back and have referred my children as well 10/10

Fantastic experience: Dr Ravi is always super friendly and provides excellent service ! The Pacific smiles team is always great !

Fantastic experience: Staff are so friendly, I have been there with both my 3yr old and 7yr old and they both felt safe and comfortable. No tears at all!

Fantastic experience: Dr Ash is very professional but also appears to really strive for an excellent outcome with each challenge.

Negative experience: Absolutely horrible experience- I saw Dr Ashwini for my clean and check up. Due to struggles with parking on Boxing Day, I arrived 10-15 mins late. The receptionist had told me that I can still be seen. I was more than happy to not be seen if it was going to be an inconvenience or rush. But I thought I’ll still receive a decent service. I was rushed into the clinic, and the dentist ran through the questionnaire. The cleaning happened in probably 5-7 mins. I know cleaning can be painful, but I’ve never felt this much pain! She rushed through the cleaning and I could feel how rushed it was. It’s been a week and a half and my teeth are still very sensitive. Not happy with the service at all!

Fantastic experience: Your receptionist Tanya working on Saturday 21/12 is one of the most kind hearted, warm welcoming and compassionate ladies I have ever met. I had an incredible conversation with her about so many different things and she was just a delightful gem to talk to and a true golden employee to Pacific Smiles. The amount of comfort and care provided by Tanya I felt right as I walked in was like no other I have received anywhere else. Tanya is honestly one of the most kind hearted workers I have ever met. I hope she gets the recognition she deserves because in my opinion she deserves Employee of the year just for who she is. I would also love to say how friendly and smiling the other lady on the desk Eve was. She always had a happy smile and I could tell they truly loved talking to people. Your reception team are incredible and a reason I’ll be coming back.

Fantastic experience: Friendly, knowledgeable and efficient!

Fantastic experience: As a first-time visitor to Pacific Smiles Dental in Penrith, I had the good fortune of being treated by Dr. Akhil Vather. I’ve seen many dentists over the years, and I can honestly say that Akhil is the best by far. He was efficient, knowledgeable, and made me feel comfortable right from the moment he said hello. I look forward to my next appointment and another dose of that spark! ⚡️ Haha! Sebastian Waddell

Fantastic experience: Dr George was lovely and had a great communication style. Very comforting for a 50+ person who still doesn't like the dentist

Fantastic experience: Very easy to book in online, appointments ran to time, very friendly staff.

Fantastic experience: Very good dental practise.

Fantastic experience: Dr. Dhaval Patel, your professionalism and attention to detail set you apart as a top-notch dentist. The way you handle every aspect of dental care with expertise and precision is truly commendable. Thank you for your outstanding service.

Fantastic experience: Dr Akhill was extremely friendly with our son and made him feel comfortable and supported. He was very gentle and caring and took the time to explain everything to my son and husband. We had a follow up phone call the next day to see how my son was which was extremely thoughtful and made us feel important and well cared for . We are every so grateful for the care our son had . We will be bringing all of our children back soon. Added bonus the reception ladies are kind and caring and very helpful

Fantastic experience: I am grateful to the receptionist lady (Kerri Anne) who arranged a quick appointment with a suitable doctor for my tooth extraction. She understood my pain and arranged my appointment with the right doctor. Dr. Patel is very helpful and did the procedure very well. He clearly explained the reasons and the alternate options. Thank You team. The dental clinic is located near to the Penrith station, so that's very convenient (if you don't want to drive after the procedure, which I highly recommend)

Fantastic experience: My son just got his braces off and we had the best experience. The orthodontist and hygienists were super friendly and clear about everything upfront and throughout. The price was reasonable. Definitely recommend.

Fantastic experience: As someone who is terrified of dentists, Dr Ritu helped me get through this. She is honestly the best dentist I have ever had. She got me through my root canal, made me feel comfortable and communicated everything clearly so I knew what was happening. She's very honest and clearly cares about her patients. I wont go anywhere else. Reception staff are also so lovely & great to deal with!

Fantastic experience: Dr. Nayyar made the procedure incredibly smooth, and it was completely painless and not scary at all. She explained everything clearly, which put me at ease, and her gentle approach made the entire experience much more comfortable than I expected. I highly recommend this clinic for anyone feeling anxious about dental work!

Fantastic experience: Amazing place for a dentist. The team are all so nice and helpful make sure you are relax not stressing out, explain anything your not sure about. They make the dreaded visit that’s everyone puts off easy to do an most simple way

Fantastic experience: Dr Raya and her dental nurse were extremely compassionate and understanding. Especially when you fear the dentist. Dr Raya spoke to me through the whole procedure. Thankyou.

Fantastic experience: great service and pricing was really affordable as well , for a dentist 100% will be back again

Fantastic experience: After moving out of Sydney 2 hours away, I still make the trip to see Dr Singh. When you find a good dentist (same with a good doctor, mechanic etc) you stick with them!

Fantastic experience: always great service and professional staff

Fantastic experience: Thank you to Dr Patel for making me feel so at ease after not being to the dentist for years. He explained everything thoroughly, gave me plenty of options and was just all round very calming. The reception staff were lovely and helpful too!

Fantastic experience: Fantastic dentist great practice, friendly staff very helpful. I have been going there for 15 years wouldn't go anywhere else.

Fantastic experience: During my recent visit to Pacific Smiles Dental in Penrith, I had a notably positive experience. The clinic was clean and well-maintained, with a welcoming atmosphere. The front desk staff were friendly and efficient in managing appointments and patient inquiries. Dr. Reha Nayyar, who attended to me, was exceptionally professional and thorough. She took the time to explain the procedures, answer my questions, and provide detailed information about my dental health. Her gentle and considerate approach helped alleviate any anxiety I had about the dental work. The examination and treatment were conducted with great care, and I appreciated Dr. Nayyar's attention to detail. The use of modern equipment and technology at the clinic also added to the overall sense of reliability and competence. Overall, my visit was smooth and reassuring, and I left feeling confident about the care I received. I would certainly recommend Dr. Reha Nayyar and Pacific Smiles Dental in Penrith to friends and colleagues looking for quality dental care.

Fantastic experience: Dental work was excellent and Tanya at reception did great work with sorting out the QR code for HCF. However it would have been disappointing if she had not sorted it out because the manager, despite having attended this business for many years, would have insisted on payment rather than allow me to return with the HCF card the next day. Kudos Tanya.

Fantastic experience: Took my 5 year old for his first dental appointment with Dr Vather. He was gentle and kind and made sure my son who was very nervous had a great first dental experience. Would highly recommend Dr Vather for children's dental.

Fantastic experience: Dr Akhil is very good and he also helps ease my anxiety with dental appointments. Highly recommended

Negative experience: There isn’t a brain cell Between the dentists and receptionists at pacific smiles Penrith, if you are looking to have your time absolutely wasted and money stolen, this is the place, rudest people I have had to deal with, would never recommend for both the quality of work and help offered by staff, absolute joke of a place.

Fantastic experience: Pacific smiles were great. Christine, was amazing, very caring and professional. She explained what she was doing all along and kept checking if I was ok. Would not go to anyone else

Fantastic experience: Dr Reha was superb, my crown had come loose, and I was in a lot of discomfort. Pacific smiles were able to accommodate me at short notice, and I can't recommend Dr Reha enough. She glued my crown back, was very gentle, and made me very comfortable with the process. Her dental assistant was very caring, too.

Fantastic experience: This Dentist Office is so lovely and amazing with their service. Especially when you have anxiety with needles or going to a dentist appointment. They were honest with my dental health and were quick with every appointment that I ever had, would come again.

Fantastic experience: A very good clinic, staff very cooperative, polite and respectful, I visited Dr Rai third time, he is very good Dentist, very punctual and friendly, he advised very clearly about my dental health and just in few minutes fixed the filling in my two teeth. I highly recommend his services to all near and dear ones.

Fantastic experience: Dr Gupta was kind, nurturing and patient with my 14yr old daughter who was required to have a tooth extracted

Fantastic experience: First class service with all the latest techniques and procedures. I highly recommend Dr Christine Said.

Fantastic experience: I had such a great experience today. Dr Jadhav was thorough and made me feel comfortable and cared for the entire time. I had an issue with my private health provider while trying to fix up my bill and the two staff on reception were so kind and empathetic. This is my second visit to this practice and both times I have been so impressed. Thankyou

Fantastic experience: I booked in for chipped tooth after the filling had fallen out within 9 months of it being fixed at NO GAPS. I arrived slightly early for my appointment at Pacific Smiles. The Dentist was early! Brilliant! Friendly. Professional. Fixed my tooth. Didn't charge through the nose and I was out of there 20 minutes after my booked scheduled time. I have never, ever been so impressed with a Dentist/dental surgery and the receptionist was lovely. Mornings like this really make you smile. It was quick and easy and I could get back to my job without being stuffed around like a lot of Dentist and Doctors do with their scheduling (which I understand can be out of their hands but it still impacts our day and timetable). Thank you so much. I highly recommend Pacific Smiles. Will definitely be back for all my Dental needs.

Fantastic experience: I’ve had nothing but excellent experiences with the team at Pacific Smiles Penrith after they repaired a broken tooth in July 2023, on a Sunday. I’ve had many visits since then and can happily say I’ve now had a great outcome. The reception staff are pleasant and efficient. They went above and beyond to help me, while I could recommend each of the dentists I’ve seen. Full marks!

Fantastic experience: I highly recommend Dr. Akhil Vather for teeth filling this time, he did it very precise & quick to reduce my suffering. I feels my normal teeth after few days. Thanks for your help and I'm referring my boss to you now.

Fantastic experience: Excellent staff and service, highly recommend Dr Singhal!

Fantastic experience: Friendly, caring and professional staff. Easy location to get to, being close to Westfield and Penrith public transport hub.

Negative experience: Absolutely disgraceful, if I could give a zero or negative score I would! When I called to book my appointment they were actually lovely on the phone, I explained my anxiety toward going to a dentist and was reassured that I would be taken care of and the dentist was very gentle and great with patients like that. Then I showed up for my appointment. The front desk was bare minimum polite - at best, definitely not warm or friendly. Then I meet the dentist, I was obviously anxious and a bit upset, I got nothing absolutely cold, the dentist and the nurse, she stood behind me pretty much the whole time, absolutely ZERO empathy - they were rough with the cbct scan and to top my experience off gave me an ABSOLUTELY RIDICULOUSLY OVERPRICED quote, without even breaking it down for me - I mean $24,000.00 more expensive then where I am currently receiving the exact same treatment with exact same brand and parts. Do yourself a favour and shop around before you commit to any service from these people. So disappointing.

Fantastic experience: I could go to a dentist closer to my home in the Blue Mountain's, but my dental experience has always been great at the Penrith Pacific Smiles Dental. I see Dr Vather and he is always lovely, professional, and does a great job on my teeth. The assistants are wonderful too, as are the receptionists.

Fantastic experience: Dr Nav is excellent to deal with. Very good Dentist. He knows what he is talking about.

Fantastic experience: Akhil is as amazing dentist. We have been seeing him for many years now. He is so thorough and explains everything. He is always patient and caring.The reception team are always helpful and friendly.

Fantastic experience: Highly recommend! Great staff and dentists! Flexible hours! Follow up reminders by phone and text! Great overall communication!

Fantastic experience: Amazing experience at Pacific Smiles Penrith. The reception Team are delightful, the assistants are so gentle and all of the Dentists are so experienced. My whole family will be coming back..

Positive experience: Some dentists are very friendly . But not all of them . Our recent experience for our kids was not great

Fantastic experience: Friendly and professional service at Penrith branch, would definitely recommend to anyone.

Positive experience: Everything is very quick and efficient, but seriously lacking in attention to detail.

Fantastic experience: Dentists are very good and explains things to you

Negative experience: Herendous go to get a tooth looked at QUOTE OVER $4000...charged $128.00 for nothing and left in tears called another dentist half the price for the exact same service and half price is their maximum charge OMG if your not in a health fund don't even think about going for the consultation it's just money you could be spending at a much cheaper dentist

Fantastic experience: Dr Ashwini Jadhav has been our dentist for over 15 years and is the best!

Fantastic experience: Do yourself a favour and make an appointment with Dr Ashwini. She is the best dentist by far. I've changed from my childhood dentist to this Penrith practice and have encouraged all of my friends and family to do so too. Prices are comparable to any other dentist but Dr Ash takes extra care and makes you feel welcome and does anything she can to minimise the pain and anxiety most people experience with the dentists drill. I cannot praise her enough.

Fantastic experience: Highly recommend Dr Ritu she was so knowledgeable calm and caring will definitely be seeing her for my regular treatments.

Negative experience: Was great when Dentist Ryan Chelvarajah was employed there, but once he left & then after two cancellation booking times caused by the Practice, & stuffed around first rebooking time with my wife, & constant emails sent to me recently everyday, No email address found on their website to send them our feedback, & to resolve matter. I don't see that my family will continue going to this dentist practice. Where ever Dentist Ryan Chelvarajah went to, please inform us so we can go there.

Positive experience: Dr Ashwini is a great dentist, she was so kind and supportive Aswell as doing a good job she would also show me pictures of what she had done and explain it so I had a better understanding of my teeth and what was wrong which was very helpful with understanding and now moving forward to take better care of them!

Fantastic experience: It was my first visit on a Sunday. Dr Tanu was very professional and competently diagnosed my dental problem. Dr Tanu was gentle and caring with her consultation and testing. I very much appreciate her expertise and approach. The team supporting her are to be highly commended. I congratulate them and can not thank them enough. I would recommend them for dental care. Thanks again

Fantastic experience: My son was experiencing tooth pain and we were able to secure a timely appointment. We received excellent advice, including liasing with our orthodontist to ensure all relevant information was at hand before proceeding. The dental nurse was amazing and genuinely interacted with my son whilst we waited for the necessary paperwork to be sent. Will definitely visit this practice again.

Fantastic experience: I would like to thank Dr. Nav Singh & his team for the patience and after care I received after my treatment. Thank you, Dr. Colin . I can't recommend Pacific Smiles euough for what they have done for me in my lasted appointment

Fantastic experience: Highly recommend Pacific Smiles. Dr Said is gentle and understanding of patients with anxiety, but from what others in my family say all the dentists there are exceptional

Negative experience: Booked an appointment. Left work early and arrived on time to my appointment. Spoke to receptionist who asked if I had been to Pacific Smiles before, which was strange as I was clearly in their system and had been before. Was told to take a seat everything was fine. Waited half an hour and noticed several patients whom had arrived after myself come and go. Decided to check what was happening with my appointment. Spoke to same receptionist whom had initially checked me in. Immediately could tell she had made a mistake by the look on her face. She apologise and said she had made a mistake by not lodging me into the system when I had arrived. I was a little annoyed at this stage, but mistakes happen, everybody is human. She quickly went out the back to speak to the dentist I assume. Upon her return she explained that unfortunately the dentist I was booked in with could no longer see me. They had assumed I had missed my appointment and decided to move on. No checks were made to see if I was waiting, they moved on to the next patient. I said that was unacceptable and that I had left work early that day to make sure I got to my appointment on time. She went out the back door a further 10 minutes before I decided to talk to another receptionist as I was now nearing the end of my alloted parking allowance on the street. The new receptionist said she would look into what was happening and went out the back also. Two minutes later a third lady appeared and asked me to come over and sit down next to the entrance. I could tell she had some bad news to tell me. I told her I would rather stand. I had a feeling of what was going to happen at this stage but couldn't quite believe it. She apologise and told me that there had been a "glitch in the system" and I had not been booked in upon my arrival. She had lied to me and we both knew it. I told her not to lie and that it was not a glitch in the system and actually caused by human error. She told me "I cannot comment on that." I was very annoyed but obviously getting angry would not change anything. I asked to be squeezed in for the next available appointment for the day and assumed that this would have been top of the priority list due to the error which was made. I was told that there were no dentists out of the 8 on duty whom could put themselves out for 15 minutes to complete a checkup and clean. I had to rebook on another day at my own inconvenience. The customer service shown by this business under these circumstances I belive is absolutely disgraceful. I am utterly disgusted at the outcome of todays events and wanted to share my experience with those thinking of attending this practice. I guess you get what you pay for. Absolute bottom of the barrel quality. Shame shame shame!

Fantastic experience: Been to Ryan Chelv now three times. He is awesome highly recommend seeing him

Negative experience: I am a relative of a client that has had treatment at Penrith. I was not happy with the problem that arose and I escalated my concerns to the area manager to call me and she did not show me the respect to call me back. I have escalated it to the HCCC as I was ignored for a return phone call from the area manager. I was hoping the issue could be resolved without having to name the dentist to the HCCC. Just updating the review. Pacific Smiles said they would get back to me after seeing my review. They requested I email them via email address they gave me. A few days plus have passed and they have not bothered to get back to me. Why am I not surprised.

Fantastic experience: Excellent wisdom teeth removal method and advice. Thank you Dr. Ashwini Jadhav. Regards, Mel (Maleeha Khan)

Negative experience: Hi had a appointment at pacific smiles at Penrith at 12.20pm few minutes late because of no parking and they would not see me at all..I was happy to wait until last but they said no..not good service at all..

Fantastic experience: A great professional dental clinic that takes your needs seriously and provides a welcoming atmosphere from start to finish.